Friday, January 8, 2010

Illustrator- How to hide coulour in a shape with gradient mesh?

i have a shape in illustrator with a gradient mesh and its coloured. Im reading a tutorial that says command click to hide the colour but im on a pc, what do i hit do hide it? How can I see the just the mesh lines over the jpeg im tracing?Illustrator- How to hide coulour in a shape with gradient mesh?
search for other tutorials, and check program help for keyboards commands , try Ctrl+click, or check menu for hide feature,





shortcuts illustrator -mac


http://www.nobledesktop.com/shortcuts-il…


shortcuts illustratorc -pc


http://www.nobledesktop.com/shortcuts-il…





there is option to change color/ stroke object to outlines of drawing,


View %26gt; Outline View,


http://luanneseymour.wordpress.com/2008/…





http://vectips.com/tips/hide-layers/


http://www.bittbox.com/illustrator/17-ti…


..
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  • What is the gradient of NYC subway in general?

    They are quite like roller coasters in most places with deep ascents and descents in quick succession along with sharper curves. So what is the actual gradient of the tracks? Around 1 in 12 or so?What is the gradient of NYC subway in general?
    It really depends on what part of the system you are on and where the train tunnels are.





    The deepest grades are when a train runs under the East River between Manhattan and Queens or Manhattan and Brooklyn. The reason why the river tunnels have steeper grades is that part of the tunnel (usually right in the middle of the river) actually sits on the river bed for support. So, depending on how deep the river bed is, and how deep or above ground the stations are that are right next to where the tubes are under the East River, that will affect the grade.





    The steepest grade for a train that goes under the East River is where the N,R and W go through the 60th st. tunnels. The tunnel runs between the Queens Plaza station and the 60th St/Lex. Ave. station.





    On the Queens side, the N and W platform at Queens Plaza is an elevated station. When a train leaves there, it has go go from the height of the station down to the river bed level and then back up to the level of the Lex. Avenue station. Believe me, if you ride on an N or W train from Queens Plaza going to Lex. Ave, you will see how steep the grade is and how fast the train will go. Back in the days of when the Brightliners (A.K.A. the R-32's), the R-40 slants, the R-40 modified and the R-42's ran on the N and W, and an N or W train was not stuck waiting for an R train to cross over, the train could easily accel from 0 to at least 60 M.P.H. The fastest ride I've had in that tunnel is on an N train that went up to 68 M.P.H. in the 60th st. tunnels.





    Besides the tunnels that go under water, the tunnels under land can have gradients as well, but they are slight. For instance, there are stations where you have one set of platforms on top of another set of platforms, such as the 59th st/ Columbus Circle, West 4th st. Bergen St. 5th Avenue (on the E/V) and 7th Avenue on the B,D,E, a train will have to go up a gradient or go down a gradient to get to that station.





    Then, if a line's tunnel has to go above or below another line's tunnel, there will be a gradient for that (for example, the B/D express tracks that are between 34th St/Herald Square and West 4th St. run under the Path tracks and under the 14th st. L line.





    Then, there is topography, but usually tunnels under land won't have too steep of a grade to deal with topography.





    Above ground lines also have gradients, depending on topography, and if one above ground station is above another above ground station (for example, the L platform at Broadway Junction is over the J/Z platform). Also, between each station, when the train leaves, it goes down a slight gradient to help the train accelerate, and when it gets near the next station, there is a slight upgrade that helps the train to slow down. When you ever go on an elevated line, you will notice that.





    Open cut lines also have slight grades (such as the B/Q run) will have grades, but then that depends on the topography of the land.





    The other grades that are around are when a train runs from an underground station to an above ground station, such as when the 7 runs between 45th Road/Court House Square and Vernon/Jackson.What is the gradient of NYC subway in general?
    The gradient in the system is not constant. There are many factors in determining what it will be. Underground in NYC is a complex place full of all kinds of obstructions necessitating that the subway tunnel be built to certain depths at certain places. For example, under a river requires that the tube be at a certain amount below grade and require a relatively steep slope. Other places, like the open cut in Brooklyn, will only have a mild grade as the tracks follow the local topography and vary only slightly over the area.
    Gradients and Alignment


    http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/en_ch3鈥?/a>


    http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/rapid_鈥?/a>


    ';These were spaced 5 feet longitudinally of the subway and 12 feet 6 inches transversely';

    Under what circumstances would one use a neutral gradient filter?

    I'm new to this so the more info the better. What are some good brands? Thanks!!!Under what circumstances would one use a neutral gradient filter?
    A gradient neutral density filter is of value mostly for landscapes. When the sky is much brighter than the land, you need to bring the exposures together with the filter.





    My friend Tibor swears by them....check out his work http://tiborvari.exposuremanager.com/g/l鈥?/a>Under what circumstances would one use a neutral gradient filter?
    You would use this when the contrast between the wood line and the sky is to dark (like during a sunrise). You would put the darker side on the sky and you will be able to adjust so you will have the wood line and it will not be in shadow.





    I would suggest using the square soft graduated style so you can adjust them to the scene (I hand hold mine in front of the lens). Look at the ones from HITECH, not to expensive and they come in different levels so consider more than one to suit your needs.





    Hope this helps,


    Kevin
    I know there are times and situations where a gradient filter might be used, but in my nearly 35 years of shooting have never used on. I do however use ND filters when I want to use slow shutter speeds in sun light.





    My thought is a gradient filter might be used when shooting scenes where the subject is back-lit and the sky would go too bright if that portion of the image was not toned down by an ND gradient and expose for the back-lit subject (mountains or buildings).

    How do light, wind, and mist affect the gradient of water potential from stem to leaf in a plant?

    it has to do with AP Bio lab 9, but its not the actual analyis question, this is a question for my understanding.








    thanks! :]How do light, wind, and mist affect the gradient of water potential from stem to leaf in a plant?
    Water goes from an air of high water potential to an area of low water potential. If the outside environment has a low water potential water will move out through transpiration and the pressure will also draw water from the stem to the leaves as well as from the leafs to the surrounding are.





    Light lowers outside water potential....thus there will be an increased amount of transpiration. Wind also lowers the water potential and there will be an increase in transpiration.





    Mist, however, increases water potential in the surrounding area, thus decreasing the rate of transpiration.








    Hope this helped!

    Would diffusion occur down a large concentration gradient or a small one?

    I don't quite understand this... My guess would be down a large one b/c there is more diffusion to actually occur?Would diffusion occur down a large concentration gradient or a small one?
    Both, but it would occur much faster down a large concentration gradient. Think of yourself in a very crowded room and you're claustrophobic- you would want to get out of that room as fast as possible, right?Would diffusion occur down a large concentration gradient or a small one?
    Diffusion is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a large(higher) concentration to a small (lower) one.





    Just think about it as trying to be equal....so if there is more on one side the molecules are going to more down the large concentration gradient to the smaller one....so that it is equal.

    What is the function of a proton gradient in the mitochondria?

    H+ moves through a channel, pulled by its charge; which helps synthesize ATP from ADP. ATP is a major cell energy unit and the ultimate product of respiration.What is the function of a proton gradient in the mitochondria?
    when proton concentration is high outside the inner membrane mitochondria, it will diffuse (because of the concentration gradient) and enter mitochondrial matrix trough a protein called ATP synthase. the process will ';power'; ATP synthase to form ATP from ADP and Pi.What is the function of a proton gradient in the mitochondria?
    To marry an electron and make lots of neutrons.

    Is there any relation between gradience and gradient?

    Gradience of a scalar point function can be taken but we take gradient of a line.I was wondering if there is any connection between them.Is there?Is there any relation between gradience and gradient?
    Gradience is gradient squared devided by pie
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  • How do you calculate the maximum gradient of an unknown curve?

    I have a single data variable that varies with time. It is actually a pressure trace for a cylinder and increases to a peak over time then decreases. I want to find the the maximum pressure rise rate or maximum gradient of the curve. The curve has no equation and is just a set of time varying data points.





    Is there a method for estimating the maximum gradient from the data?How do you calculate the maximum gradient of an unknown curve?
    Well. You can keep drawing tangents until one which you find is the steepest. From your info, i have the idea that the curve is in the shape of a bell. So perhaps you can try drawing tangents at the mid-range of the curve.





    Hope this helps=)

    How do i work out the gradient ?

    i need to work out the gradient of a line with the coordinates 2,1 and 5,3. i have to work it out by just using the coordinates given and i am not allowed to just count the sqaures. Please could you give me some instructions on how to work out the gradient by just knowing the coordinates.How do i work out the gradient ?
    The gradient is the change in the x coordinate divided by the change in the y coordinate.





    So your x coordinates are 2 and 5,


    the change in the x coordinate is


    5 - 2 = 3





    y coordinates are 1 and 3


    the change in the y coordinate is


    3 - 1 = 2





    So the gradient is


    3/2 = 1.5





    Hope that helps :)How do i work out the gradient ?
    Gradient = (difference in y)/(difference in x)


    = (3-1)/(5-2) = 2/3
    gradient


    = (3 - 1)/(5 - 2)


    = 2/3
    Its (3-1)/(5-2) = 2/3.

    How will Cyanide affect the H+ gradient? How will it affect the production of ATP?

    (Cyanide is a poison that prevents the transfer of electrons from the electron carriers to oxygen)How will Cyanide affect the H+ gradient? How will it affect the production of ATP?
    Cyanide 鈥?cyanide will inhibit the electron transport chain, preventing


    electrons from reaching O2 and preventing protons from being pumped out,


    thus preventing ATP synthesis. If electrons can鈥檛 be disposed of, then


    NADH will not be reoxidized and glycolysis will initially be inhibited, unless


    it can carry out fermentation to meet its energy needs. Then glucose


    breakdown will increase to supply those needs with a less efficient pathway.

    How do I convert a gradient to degrees?

    Hello...





    I am curious as to how I convert a gradient (in the form 1:10) into degrees.





    For example, if a road is to have a slope of 1:10, then how to I convert this into degrees?





    Thanks for all answersHow do I convert a gradient to degrees?
    On the roads, the gradient or grade is the vertical rise divided by the horizontal run. So the angle from the horizontal is the arctangent of the (rise divided by the run).


    For trains, the gradient is the verical rise divided by the length of the slope, so the angle from the horizontal is the arcsin of the (rise divided by the slope).


    For small angles, the difference is negligible.How do I convert a gradient to degrees?
    Very simple: The gradient given in the form a:b means simply that the RATIO of the vertical component to the horizontal component is a: b or a/b. Therefore, the tangent of the angle made by this slope to the horizontal is also given by the ration a/b. To find the angle in degrees, all you have to do is read the value arc(tan) of a/b or in your example 1/10 = 0.1


    which gives an angle of 5.71 deg
    Simply find the arctangent (inverse tangent) of the ratio. E.g. for your question, find arctan(1/10). This is written as tan^-1 on your calculator.
    A gradient of 1 : 10 means that as you travel 10 units along the road you rise 1 unit vertically. From basic trigonometry, this means that sin(a) = 1/10 where a is the angle to the horizontal.





    So to convert gradient g to degrees





    a = arcsin(1/g)





    (you can use any scientific calculator, where arcsin may be called inv sin or sin^-1).
    Sorry Rabbit, Freddie is definitely right, its inverse tangent

    How to calculate the Hydraulic gradient (i) in a school laboratory?

    In order to measure the hydraulic conductivity of water I need to calculate the Hydraulic gradient (i), but dunno how. I know the formula i = 螖H / l, but what is H, I, and how to measure them in a school laboratory?





    Please help me ASAP!! thanks!How to calculate the Hydraulic gradient (i) in a school laboratory?
    Cheat off the paper of the nearest egg-head, silly. That's how I did it.





    ===edit==





    An ';egg-head'; is a smart nerd. The cheat part should be easy to understand.

    How does a river's gradient affect its ability to erode land?

    gradient= slant, degree of inclination. please give some sources, :).How does a river's gradient affect its ability to erode land?
    The higher the gradient, the faster the movement of water, the more the erosion ; Direct relationships.





    http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?鈥?/a>





    Gradient


    The gradient of a stream is a critical factor in determining its character, and is entirely determined by its base level of erosion. The base level of erosion is the point at which the stream either enters the ocean, a lake or pond, or enters a stretch in which it has a much lower gradient, and may be specifically applied to any particular stretch of a stream.


    In geologic terms, the stream will erode down through its bed to achieve the base level of erosion throughout its course. If this base level is low, then the stream will rapidly cut through underlying strata and have a steep gradient, and if the base level is relatively high, then the stream will form a flood plain and meanders.





    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream
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  • What happens to the gradient when an organism undergoes discrimination training?

    it becomes irritated that it has to do this stupid training and in its own mind starts to resent what it was trained not to discriminate

    How to calculate the gradient of a line?

    for my Science coursework we need to calculate the line of the graphs we have drawn. So how do you do it? xHow to calculate the gradient of a line?
    eqn of a line





    y=mx+b





    y and x are variables


    b is the point the line crosses the y axis


    m is the gradient and is calculated by any two points on the line (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) by:





    m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)How to calculate the gradient of a line?
    __________________________________





    The Two Point formula of a line is probably your best bet in this situation. All you need to do is to find two points that are easy to identify and use this formula:





    (y-y₂)/(x-x₂) = (y₁-y₂)/(x₁-x₂) for points (x₁,y₁) and (x₂,y₂)





    For example:


    If your two points are


    P₁(7,5) and P₂(6,-2) then





    (y+2)/(x-6) = (5+2)/(7-6)


    (y+2)/(x-6) = 7/1


    .......... y+2 = 7(x-6)


    .......... y+2 = 7x-42


    .............. y = 7x -44





    ______________________________________…


    NOTE


    The right hand side of the formula is the slope of the line:


    (y₁-y₂)/(x₁-x₂) = slope





    Also, y = 7x -44 is in the Slope-Intercept


    form y=mx+b where m=slope and b=y-intercept.


    So y = 7x -44 has slope 7 and crosses the y=axis at -44.





    ______________________________________…
    the difference of the 2 y divided bu the difference of the 2x





    for example:





    the 1st spot: (2,1)


    the 2nd spot: (3,4)





    subtract the Ys: 1 - 4


    subtract the Xs: 2 - 3





    the differences: y: -3


    x: -1


    = -3/-1 = 3





    the gradient is 3
    gradient line is also called a slope.


    it's usually represented by m [not sure but that what i remember from my lesson]


    if you want to see it here's the link.





    http://www.mathsisfun.com/gradient.html

    Why does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

    I know that the higher the conc. gradient, the higher the rate of diffusion, but why?Why does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?
    because the rate at which a variable quantity , such as temperature or pressure changes in value The curve that represents that rate undulates.Why does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?
    a high conc is like a high pressure zone..take a balloon for example..suppose u fill it up with air..the pressure inside it increases.as soon as you loosen your fingers at it opening the air gushes out, because air pressure outside the balloon is lower than that whats inside..so in case of balloon the pressure gradient governs the air movement..





    similarly, in fluids, its the conc gradient.





    the conc gradient is corollary to pressure gradient

    What is the slope(gradient) of a curve in 3dimensional geometry?

    For example the slope in cartesian plane is nothing but tanA where A is the angle made by a straight line with respect to X-axis. Slope at any poing on the curve is given by drawing a tangent at that point and the slope of the tangent gives the slope of the curve at that point. But in space(3d geometry) how can we draw a tangent to a curve and with respect to which axis?What is the slope(gradient) of a curve in 3dimensional geometry?
    the answer is pie over 2x plus 7

    How do the gradient magnets and coil in an MRI machine work?

    I don't mean ';gradient magnets fine tune the image'; sort of thing, I need exactly how they do this, in depth. I've already checked howstuffworks.com, so don't quote that.How do the gradient magnets and coil in an MRI machine work?
    Have you checked wikipedia?


    Gradient coils are used to spatially encode the positions of protons by varying the magnetic field linearly across the imaging volume.Gradient coils are usually resistive electromagnets powered by sophisticated amplifiers which permit rapid and precise adjustments to their field strength and direction.

    What is severe subpulmonary stenosis due to mitral valve chordal apparatus with a peak gradient of 72 mmHg?

    My son is 9 months old and was born with a rare heart defect cctga. He was diagnoised 2 months ago and at his echo they wrote that on the results. I am going to ask when I go down in a month but I have noticed there are a few dr's. on here so I was hoping someone would have some insight. What does this mean and what questions should I be asking his card? thank youWhat is severe subpulmonary stenosis due to mitral valve chordal apparatus with a peak gradient of 72 mmHg?
    CCTGA means congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries. In usual transposition aorta which should carry oxygenated blood gets connected to right ventricle and pulmonary artery which should be carrying deoxygenated blood to lungs gets connected to left ventricle. In congenitally corrected transposition, in addition to this, right atrium (upper chamber) connects to the left ventricle and left atrium connects to the right ventricle. So there is a double reversal which becomes near normal. This is because deoxygenated blood from right atrium goes to left ventricle and then through pulmonary artery, into the lungs for oxygenation. Similarly, oxygenated blood from left atrium goes to right ventricle and to the aorta, into the general circulation. So everything is fine till this as this is near normal functioning of the heart.








    The addtional problem which your son is that he has a narrowing below the pulmonary valve, which may require correction at a suitable time, which only the treating doctor can tell you. The narrowing is due to the structures attached to the mitral valve (chordal apparatus) in the left ventricle, the ventricle which is connected to the pulmonary artery in his case. In a normal individual, left ventricle connects to the aorta and not the pulmonary artery.What is severe subpulmonary stenosis due to mitral valve chordal apparatus with a peak gradient of 72 mmHg?
    basically there is narrowing below the pulmonary valve which will require treatment either balloon dilatation or surgery.


    if your in the uk and want to speak to other parents you can check out the childrens heart federation who have a freephone helpline or there is an online message board as part of the evelina childrens heart organisation website.
    Wow..I am sorry your baby is going through this. I am only vaguely familar with this but I do want to offer my support.


    Stenosis is always a narrowing of the arteries. Your baby will probably have to have open heart surgery.


    My best friend's grand daughter has this same condition. She went to Children's Hospital In New Orleans and she is going great! My prayers to you and your baby!
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  • What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?

    velocity of the ball or its acceleration?


    I think its acceleration but am not sureWhat does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?
    The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration

    How do i change the direction of the gradient on Illustrator cs2?

    You select the gradient tool on the tool bar, about the 9th tool down on the right side. Then select a corner and drag to the other corner, or say from the middle to another corner. Just play around with it till you get the effect you want.

    What is the significance of an electrochemical gradient?

    Need help so that i can practice on test! I will vote for the best answer!


    thanksWhat is the significance of an electrochemical gradient?
    In cellular biology, an electrochemical gradient is a spatial variation of both electrical potential and chemical concentration across a membrane. Both components are often due to ion gradients, particularly proton gradients, and the result can be a type of potential energy available for work in a cell.


    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochem鈥?/a>





    The electrochemical gradient in a cell is the difference in charge and in substance content inside and outside the cell's plasma membrane. The charge portion of the electrochemical gradient is typically -70 mV, meaning that the inside of the membrane is negatively charged more than the outside by 70 millivolts. This gradient is primarily maintained by the Na+/K+ Pump.


    http://everything2.com/e2node/electroche鈥?/a>

    What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?

    Thanks :)





    %26amp;%26amp;





    The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is a _____________








    thank youuuuuuuuu!What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?
    To diffuse down a concentration gradient means that the molecule goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is a spontaneous occurrence.





    The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is a concentration gradient!What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?
    I believe the blank would be filled with ';concentration gradient';.





    All molecules in any solution that allows them to move freely will move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration (a concentration gradient). This is called diffusion, and it happens spontaneously (without energy input).





    A classic example is if you drop some food coloring in a glass of water and it spreads out without any mixing - that's diffusion.





    If it were moving against a concentration gradient (lower concentration --%26gt; higher concentration), that would require energy and is called active transport.

    Why is there a high geothermal gradient at rift zones?

    This is a question that my mineralogy professor asked us to focus on for our final exam. Any input to this question at all would be appreciated. Thank you.Why is there a high geothermal gradient at rift zones?
    The first thing you have to do is to understand what a geothermal gradient is: the transfer of heat from within the Earth to the Earth's crust. Next you have to understand what causes a rift zone: it is formed when upwelling magma from the convecting mantle thins and rifts the lithosphere. Now you are in a position to why there is a high transfer of heat found there: upwelling from the hot mantle in an area that has thin crust.

    How does one find the gradient of a curve at a specified point?

    For example, my question is





    find the gradient of the graph of y=4-5x^2-x^3 at the point (-2,-8)





    i tried doing this by differentiating the graph formula and the substituting x... and eventually recieved the gradient -22 =s





    am i on the right track atall?How does one find the gradient of a curve at a specified point?
    gradient is the differential of the curve.





    dy/dx=-10x-3x^2





    at x=-2 dy/dx=(-10*-2)-(3*(-2)^2)=8How does one find the gradient of a curve at a specified point?
    s = dy/dx = -10x - 3x^2


    s(-2) = -10(-2) -3(-2)^2 = 20 - 12 = 8





    (can't pinpoint your error without seeing your work)
    y=4-5x^2-x^3


    y'=-10x-3x^2


    y'(-2)=-10(-2)-3(-2)^2=20-12=8





    I don't know how you got -22. Check your arithmetic, but you seem to be on the right track.
    You probably did the right method, but messed up the calculations. If by gradient you mean slope, then the first derivative will give you the answer:





    y'= -10*x-3*x^2





    Replacing x with the point you were given:





    y'= -10(-2)-3(.2)^2 = 20-12 = 8





    which is the slope at x=-2.
    Let y = f(x)





    Then let the gradient of f be defined as f'.....ok?





    Then f(x) = 4 - 5x^2 - x^3





    ==%26gt; f'(x) = -10x - 3x^2





    Ya with me? If you're at this level you better be saying ';yeah';....lol.





    Then for x = (-8), you'd pretty much better get y = f(-8) = (-2)





    Let's see if it does:





    f(-2) = -10(-2) - 3(-2)^2





    ==%26gt; 20 - 3*4


    ==%26gt; 20 - 12 = -8





    So, it does work out. This means the specified point (-2, -8) does lie on the gradient curve.





    This is how you do these, and the ';gradient'; just means that you are taking the derivative of a function, and when you are looking at one specific point, you are evaluating that function at that point.





    This is extremely basic stuff!!! In fact if this question has stumped you, either one of two things is going on. You've not doing your own work, or you are in over your head my friend.





    ??
    z= y - 4+5x^2 + x^3


    the gradient of f is %26lt;10x+3X^2, 1%26gt;


    u = -2i + -8j


    Dsub u (if u wanna fin the directional derivative of f at that point) = gradient of f * u
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  • Is there a way to gradient something without having to select it first?

    i use photoshop CS3 and ive been trying to sue gradient for different things. like id try to use it and it would make the whole image shaded but if i slect what i am trying to gradient (in this case eyes) it works. so is that the only way to do it? Or thats the only way?Is there a way to gradient something without having to select it first?
    No, the computer cannot read your mind.





    Try talking to it. Say things like ';Mr. Computer, please shade the eyes only.';





    If that doesn't work, try meditative prayer.





    If that doesn't work, try counseling.





    If Photoshop STILL doesn't understand what it is you imagine it can do... try understanding the point of using the mouse and tools that are available to you as a means of actually getting the computer to do what it was designed to do.





    If that STILL doesn't work... become Amish.





    EDITED after a kind email from the poster:


    OK, forgive me for having fun at your expense. Probably not very gentlemanly of me.





    You must select the layers or parts of layers you wish to apply a specific effect on, otherwise Photoshop will apply the effect to the whole image (usually limited to the current layer)





    Photoshop isn't able to ';see'; eyes (or sheep or volkswagons or hidden gunmen on the grassy gnoll)





    Photoshop only displays a grid of pixels that are stored in memory. Our brains convert the images into shapes that we identify as eyes, cars, etc.





    At some point, you will have to select what you are specifically interested in changing and work with that selection.

    How do i calculate the gradient of a tangent?

    We are not given the function of the graph, and there are several tangents. Am i able to use y2-y1 divided by x2-x1, and use 2 tangents. i dont get it!!!How do i calculate the gradient of a tangent?
    Hi,





    Gradient of a tangent = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)





    Example:





    Given 2 points (1,3) and (4,6), calculate the gradient of a tangent line that passes through both points.





    Gradient = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)





    Gradient = (6 - 3) / (4 - 1)





    Gradient = 3 / 3





    Gradient = 1





    Hope this helps!


    JHow do i calculate the gradient of a tangent?
    gradient of a tangent= tan theta,..angle of the tangent determines its slope
    You're right ... That's exactly how you can do it ... use the formula for slope like you've got and then just choose any two convenient points that lie on the tangent and subs their coordinates into the formula.





    Do that for each of the tangents you're given.

    What exactly is an electrochemical gradient?

    Im studying membrane potential and need to answer how chemical and electrical forces act across the cell membrane. Is it that the ions (although both cations) are attracted to each other as well as ride down on their concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane? Im not sure if thats correct.





    please help?What exactly is an electrochemical gradient?
    I am no expert in membranes but I believe what you are talking about is combined forces due to electrical potential (from the presence of ions or an imposed voltage like in electroplating) and the chemical potential due to composition gradient. Living cells rely on a cell wall (a membrane) which maintains a composition gradient between the inside and the outside of the cell. hope this helps.

    How to find the gradient from this equation?

    How to find the value(s) of m (gradient) when the line y=mx-4 is a tangent to parabola y= x^2-2x+12?How to find the gradient from this equation?
    You can find the general gradient of the parabola by differentiating.


    If y = x^2 - 2x + 12


    dy/dx = 2x-2





    dy/dx is the gradient so it = m





    You can substitute this into the second equation to get


    y = (2x-2)x - 4


    = 2x^2 - 2x - 4





    If you put this equal to 0, this will show you the x-coordinates of the equation





    0 = 2x^2 - 2x - 4


    0 = (x+1)(x-2) so: x = -1 or +2





    From there, we can substitute these values to find the two values of y using the equation of the parabola


    (1) y = (-1)^2 -2(-1) + 12 = 15


    (2) y = (2)^2 - 2(2) + 12 = 12





    So the two coordinates where the line is a tangent are


    (-1, 15) and (2,12)





    We can substitute this into the linear equation then as:


    15 = -m -4 so m = -19


    and 12 = 2m - 4 so m = 8











    Hope that all helps and makes senseHow to find the gradient from this equation?
    There once was this facebook group called ';I Wish I Were Your Derivative So I Could Lie Tangent To Your Curves';.





    A derivative is defined as the limit as h approaches 0 of the equation:





    (f(x + h) - f(x) ) / (h), which is basically like saying ';rise over run'; when run is effectively 0. So you begin the process of plugging in. (x + h) ^ 2 - 2(x + h) + 12 - (x^2 - 2x + 12) = (2xh + h^2 - 2h) is your numerator, and divide it all by h, and you get 2x + h - 2, and since h approaches 0, you have 2x - 2 is the formula for the slope of the function at point x. I won't spoil the rest by fully solving it for you (since now the hard part is out of the way), and I make no guarantees I didn't go the long way of solving this, but hopefully you learned something from this computer science nerd.

    What is the difference between a directional derivative and a gradient?

    in the directional derivative you are given another unit vector where you find the derivative...





    it is the dot product of such a unit vector and the gradient.











    there are two possible gradients you can obtain from a function of more than one variable...





    the first is the one giving the steepest ascent (when you dont include the dependent variable)


    the next is the one giving the normal vector of a surface when the dependent variable is in the components...
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  • What is the maximum gradient for a road you have seen for a road? where is it located ?

    I am looking for the maximum gradient (slope - elevation/horizontal distance) that you have seen. What city is it located and if you are able, how big is the road (ie.: local, collector, freeway,...)What is the maximum gradient for a road you have seen for a road? where is it located ?
    Typically the maximum grade is 15% which is a bit less than 1:7.What is the maximum gradient for a road you have seen for a road? where is it located ?
    actually, typical passenger vehicles travel on 7% grade for sustained travel......san francisco has 30% to 32% grades.


    9 to 12% is average hwy.


    preferred grades are for sustained travel which will not require gear-shifting to drive.

    Report Abuse



    I think I read somewhere once that the maximum possible was 45 degrees....
    I'm not sure what the gradient of it is, but Lake Ave in Duluth, MN is really steep. It must go up close to 85 feet in 8 blocks! It's a local surface street.





    After it snows, the plows can only go DOWN the road! They have to go up somewhere else and traverse over. Most of the avenues in Duluth are pretty steep since they run away from Lake Superior, but Lake Ave sticks out in my mind as one of the steepest for the longest stretch.
    I have no idea, but I was on some really steep ones in San Francisco, small city streets.
    A three block section of Filbert Street in San Francisco is supposed to have a slope of 1.7 to 1 (h to v).
    I always thought Lombard Street in San Fransisco was the steepest grade in the US.





    It is just ';stupid steep';. Usually, when you see a hill that steep, it is covered in snow and marked with double black diamonds on a sign at the top....
    There are alot of steep ones in San Fran.


    There is also a very steep mountain pass in Smugglers Notch Vermont. it's only open during the summer months because it becomes impassable during winter.

    How do substances cross membranes against a concentration gradient?

    Osmosis!

    Knowing that the gradient in a stress strain graph is equal to the modulus of elasticity?

    which can also be termed as Young's Modulus but how could I define this term?Knowing that the gradient in a stress strain graph is equal to the modulus of elasticity?
    The usual definition of Young's modulus is stress/strain, where





    stress= force/unit area, and





    strain = extension/original length.





    If the stress-strain graph is linear, (Hook's Law obeyed, elastic deformation) this definition is the same thing as the slope of the graphKnowing that the gradient in a stress strain graph is equal to the modulus of elasticity?
    You could define it as the slope of the linear portion of the graph. That is, in fact, what it is defined as.





    Its physical meaning is the material's resistance to changing in length when a uniaxial stress is applied.
    the worded definition will be the same as for stiffness -- a material which is resistant to change in shape and form. it is indeed the young modulus. the mathematical definition would be YM= stress/strain

    Gradient??

    Im a bit confused





    Work out the gradient of the line joining


    A (-2,3)


    and


    B (4,1)


    Does the point (0,2) lie on this line?





    Please help?


    And please show your working show i can understand how you get the answer


    Thanks =DGradient??
    Eqn of the line,


    {y-3}/(x-(-2)} = (3-1)/(-2-4)


    or, (y-3)/(x+2) = -1/3


    or, 9 - 3y = x + 2


    or, y = 7/3 - x/3 . .. . .....(1)


    ie, x + 3y = 7


    From (1) you get, the slope of the line is


    m = -1/3





    Putting x = 0 %26amp; y = 2 in the eqn of the line.


    0 + 3*2 = 6 is not equal to 7





    Hence (0,2) do not lie on the line.





    I have given you two answers, now you give me one answer.


    What does ';Thanks=D'; mean? I have seen a number of people using it.Gradient??
    Ok first you need slope-intercept y=mx+b where m=slope=y2-y1/x2-x1= -2/6= -1/3 then plug in either point A or B to solve for b in the above equation. You will get 7/3=b, then check to see if the test point fits. plug 0 in for x, because -1/3*0=0 and 0+2 1/3 + 2 1/3 it dosen't =2, so no the point is not on the line
    let x1= -2 y1= 3


    let x2= 4 y2= 1


    then gradient=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)


    =(1-3)/(4-(-2))


    = -2/6


    =-1/3


    now d straight line joining these 2 points is


    y-y1=gradient(x-x1)


    y-3=-1/3(x+2)


    3y-9=-x-2


    x+3y=7 this is d straight line.


    now to know if (0,2) lies on dis line,simply put this point on dis line i.e. replace x by 0 and y by 2.


    we can c that LHS=6 which is not equal to 7.


    hence (0,2) doesnt lie on dis line.


    i hope dis will suffice.
    difference in y = 3-1 = 2


    difference in x = -2-4 = -6





    gradient = dy / dx = 2 / -6 = -1/3





    no (0,2) not on line


    halfway between 3 %26amp; 1 = 2


    halfway between -2 %26amp; 4 = 1


    so (1,2) is on the line

    What is a pH gradient in electrophoresis?

    I've read that it occurs when molecules move towards the anode and cathode and some stay in between, but i still dont get what it is.What is a pH gradient in electrophoresis?
    When you are doing a typical electrophoresis you use a buffer and make the gel so that the pH is uniform everywhere in the gel.





    If you want to do electrophoresis with a pH gradient (isoelectric focusing) then you need to include in your gel special compounds that will make the gel to have areas with different pH values. These are not random but are positioned along the axis of the direction of the movement of the proteins and gradually increase or decrease.





    What's the point?


    A protein has many groups that can be positively charged and many that can be negatively charged. The direction of its movement depends on the net charge of the protein. If it is positive it will move towards the cathode, if it is negative it will move towards the anode and if it is zero it will not move.





    The net charge depends on the pH. So some proteins at a given pH value will have a net charge and move within the gel because of the applied electric field. When they reach a different area of the gel with different pH their net charge will also change and thus their movement will be affected. At a certain pH value (called the isoelectric point pI) the net charge of a protein is 0. Then the electric field will not exert a force on this protein anymore and it will stop at that position.


    Each protein has different amino acid composition and thus each protein has its own pI value.

    Does a material which work hardens a lot has a stress strain curve with a steep gradient in the plastic region?

    Or is it the elastic region?Does a material which work hardens a lot has a stress strain curve with a steep gradient in the plastic region?
    A stiff material (like carbon fiber) has a steep gradient in the elastic region. The slope of the elastic region is, in fact, called the material's stiffness.





    A work-hardening material has a (relatively) steep gradient in the plastic region of the stress-strain curve.
  • face creams
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  • What is the maximum gradient for a road you have seen for a road? where is it located ?

    I am looking for the maximum gradient (slope - elevation/horizontal distance) that you have seen. What city is it located and if you are able, how big is the road (ie.: local, collector, freeway,...)What is the maximum gradient for a road you have seen for a road? where is it located ?
    Typically the maximum grade is 15% which is a bit less than 1:7.What is the maximum gradient for a road you have seen for a road? where is it located ?
    actually, typical passenger vehicles travel on 7% grade for sustained travel......san francisco has 30% to 32% grades.


    9 to 12% is average hwy.


    preferred grades are for sustained travel which will not require gear-shifting to drive. Report Abuse

    I think I read somewhere once that the maximum possible was 45 degrees....
    I'm not sure what the gradient of it is, but Lake Ave in Duluth, MN is really steep. It must go up close to 85 feet in 8 blocks! It's a local surface street.





    After it snows, the plows can only go DOWN the road! They have to go up somewhere else and traverse over. Most of the avenues in Duluth are pretty steep since they run away from Lake Superior, but Lake Ave sticks out in my mind as one of the steepest for the longest stretch.
    I have no idea, but I was on some really steep ones in San Francisco, small city streets.
    A three block section of Filbert Street in San Francisco is supposed to have a slope of 1.7 to 1 (h to v).
    I always thought Lombard Street in San Fransisco was the steepest grade in the US.





    It is just ';stupid steep';. Usually, when you see a hill that steep, it is covered in snow and marked with double black diamonds on a sign at the top....
    There are alot of steep ones in San Fran.


    There is also a very steep mountain pass in Smugglers Notch Vermont. it's only open during the summer months because it becomes impassable during winter.

    How to find the gradient from this equation?

    How to find the value(s) of m (gradient) when the line y=mx-4 is a tangent to parabola y= x^2-2x+12?How to find the gradient from this equation?
    You can find the general gradient of the parabola by differentiating.


    If y = x^2 - 2x + 12


    dy/dx = 2x-2





    dy/dx is the gradient so it = m





    You can substitute this into the second equation to get


    y = (2x-2)x - 4


    = 2x^2 - 2x - 4





    If you put this equal to 0, this will show you the x-coordinates of the equation





    0 = 2x^2 - 2x - 4


    0 = (x+1)(x-2) so: x = -1 or +2





    From there, we can substitute these values to find the two values of y using the equation of the parabola


    (1) y = (-1)^2 -2(-1) + 12 = 15


    (2) y = (2)^2 - 2(2) + 12 = 12





    So the two coordinates where the line is a tangent are


    (-1, 15) and (2,12)





    We can substitute this into the linear equation then as:


    15 = -m -4 so m = -19


    and 12 = 2m - 4 so m = 8











    Hope that all helps and makes senseHow to find the gradient from this equation?
    There once was this facebook group called ';I Wish I Were Your Derivative So I Could Lie Tangent To Your Curves';.





    A derivative is defined as the limit as h approaches 0 of the equation:





    (f(x + h) - f(x) ) / (h), which is basically like saying ';rise over run'; when run is effectively 0. So you begin the process of plugging in. (x + h) ^ 2 - 2(x + h) + 12 - (x^2 - 2x + 12) = (2xh + h^2 - 2h) is your numerator, and divide it all by h, and you get 2x + h - 2, and since h approaches 0, you have 2x - 2 is the formula for the slope of the function at point x. I won't spoil the rest by fully solving it for you (since now the hard part is out of the way), and I make no guarantees I didn't go the long way of solving this, but hopefully you learned something from this computer science nerd.

    What is the difference between a directional derivative and a gradient?

    in the directional derivative you are given another unit vector where you find the derivative...





    it is the dot product of such a unit vector and the gradient.











    there are two possible gradients you can obtain from a function of more than one variable...





    the first is the one giving the steepest ascent (when you dont include the dependent variable)


    the next is the one giving the normal vector of a surface when the dependent variable is in the components...

    How do I get a normal Vector from a gradient?

    I am making wavy water for my game and i need a function that will get the direction that a point is facing as a Vector3(x, y, z)?





    I have a function for dY/dX, and dY/dZ, and i just need to get the normal from that.How do I get a normal Vector from a gradient?
    If you have a surface parametrized as S(x,z) and you know the partial derivatives (未/未x,未/未z)S(x,z) on that surface, then you have created the tangent vector space at points (x,z). The partial derivatives form your basis that span the space like (1,1,1) unit vectors do in R^3. Hence, to form a normal vector, you take the cross-product of your basis vectors to get a vector orthogonal. Specifically,





    n := [未S(x,z)/未x X 未S(x,z)/未z)] / ||未S(x,z)/未x x 未S(x,z)/未z)||





    Your unit normal will be in the -j direction since iXk = -j.

    How can I get 3 colours in a GIMP gradient?

    I want to know how to get 3 main colours in a gradient.


    Green to blue to Black.


    Preferably in one layer.


    Thanks n__nHow can I get 3 colours in a GIMP gradient?
    In the Gradients dialog (go to Windows%26gt;Dockable Dialogs%26gt;Gradients if you don't have it open), press the New Gradient button (looks like a piece of paper). This will open the Gradient Editor dialog box where you can create your own gradient. There should be a small button at the top of the Gradient Editor with a little triangle pointing to the left. Click that button, and then select Gradient Editor Menu. There you'll find options to set the left and right endpoint colors of the gradient, and you can use Split Segment at Midpoint to add a third color to the middle of the gradient.How can I get 3 colours in a GIMP gradient?
    Try doing it in two steps.


    1) select an area of the image and apply a green to blue grandient.


    2) invert the selection and apply a blue to black grandient.



    ||try:





    http://www.tankedup-imaging.com/gradient鈥?/a>

    How to find gradient of a line graph in Microsoft Excel?

    In a line graph, assuming the line is straight, is there anyway to know the gradient of the line by using Microsoft Excel 2003? Thank you.How to find gradient of a line graph in Microsoft Excel?
    Gradient = slope on a straight line. In the formula y=mx+b, m=slope, b=y-intercept, x=input data, y=output data. If you have a graph, then it is very easy. Right-click on the data, go to ';add trendline';, and select linear. Then select the trendline, right-click, and go to format trendline. Go to the ';options'; tab. Check the box for ';display equation on chart';. The equation will be in the form y=mx+b. Where m is your slope.





    If you only have the data then you can use the formula: (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) or change in output over change in input.





    I hope this helps...
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  • Gradient??????????????

    How would you plot these co-ordinates on a graph and where would they meet eachother??????????????





    1. y= 2x + 5





    2. y= - 2/3x -3





    (I know how to plot number one, but not number two. How do you plot 2/3 on a graph!!???)Gradient??????????????
    Gradient is rise over run, so for your first one, it rises by 2, and runs across 1 (2/1)





    For your second one, it rises by 2, and runs by 3 (2/3)


    However, since it is negative, you have to make it go down by 2 instead. (Since it is negative, your line should be going in a direction like this: \ )





    If you draw the graph correctly, the points should intersect at (-3,-1)Gradient??????????????
    remember that slope is rise over run ... (delta Y) / (delta X)





    so for every -2 (2 down) you go 3 to right


    [ or for every 2 up, you go 3 to left... either is correct]





    1st step ... figure out the Y intercept ...(b)


    eq1 = 5 (0,5)


    eq2 = -3 (0,-3)





    next is figure where they intersect....


    2x +5 = -2/3x -3





    2 2/3x = -8


    8/3x = -8


    (3/8) 8/3x = -8 (3/8)


    x = -3





    when x = -3 .... 2(-3) + 5 = -1


    .........x = -3 .. -2/3(-3) -3 = -(-2) -3 = -1





    intersection point is (-3,-1)





    now connect the b's to the intersection point





    eq1 connects (0,5) to (-3,-1)


    eq2 connects (0,-3) to (-3,-1)
    to plot the second one you need two points of the function:


    for example x=0 yields y=-3 and for x=3 y=-5; you draw the line that contains these two points and you've got the Plot.


    The point of intersection is:


    2x+5=-2/3x-3


    8/3 x = - 8


    x= -8 * 3 / 8 = -3


    y = -1
    Well, they ';meet'; or intersect whenever they are equal. We can find where they intersect by setting the two equations equal to each other and solve for x.





    2x+5=-(2/3)x-3





    2x+2/3x=-8


    8/3x=-8


    x=-1/3





    To plot: Use parenthesis:


    -(2 / 3 )*x-3

    How do I work out the gradient of a straight line without using an actual graph?

    I can't find my notes on this...please help! What's the method for calculating the gradient from just a pair of co-ordinates? Without, as I say, the need for a graph?


    Thanks :DHow do I work out the gradient of a straight line without using an actual graph?
    take the change in x over the change in y.





    For example if you had (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) the gradient would be (x2-x1) / (y2-y1)

    What is mean by potential gradient , temperature gradient?

    It is said that that the potential gradient of air is 30KV/cm. what does it actually mean?What is mean by potential gradient , temperature gradient?
    That is amount of voltage drop in air per unit of distance, in this case a centimeter. It can different with different substances, for example oil has a much higher potential gradient and is used in some circuit breakers because of that.





    You can extrapolate that a temperature gradient is similar, but it's more complex but it is not constant, it is a function of the temperature you start with, not just the difference.