Also, define Vertical Osmotic (solute) Gradient?How does the vertical osmotic gradient affect the urine concentration?
are you questioning how the urine becomes concentrated in the kidney? and by vertical osmotic gradient, do you mean the increasing osmotic gradient of the cortex to the medulla? If so, look up info on nephrons of the kidney. Basically fluid enters on one end and travels through the loop of Henle and for various reasons that will take to long to explain here, the fluid that makes up urine is kept in the nephron and the fluid that needs to stay in the blood is absorbed back into the blood stream.
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